In 1911, after dissolution of the Standard Oil empire, eight companies retained “Standard Oil” in their names, but by the late 20th century the name had almost passed into history. Standard Oil broke up in 1911 as a result of a lawsuit brought against it by the U.S. government in 1906 under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. Students with a strong understanding of contextualization will be able to explain how … What was his secret? Your name goes at the top. 1904 Standard Oil Octopus At the beginning of the 20 th century, Standard Oil was the world’s largest corporation; it was also the first multinational corporation – until the U.S. Supreme Court dismantled it in 1911, as part of anti-monopoly wave that had commenced with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 . In the late nineteenth century and during the first decade of the twentieth century, critics attacked Standard Oil as an unlawful monopoly. Collect, curate and comment on your files. All Royalty-Free licenses include global use rights, comprehensive protection, simple pricing with volume discounts available, Newspapers and magazines (except for covers), editorial broadcasts, documentaries, non-commercial websites, blogs and social media posts illustrating matters of public interest, Book or magazine covers, commercial, promotional, advertorial, endorsement, advertising, or merchandising purposes in any media (e.g. Or should he be demonized as a "robber baron." By keeping transportation prices low, Standard Oil delivered less-expensive oil to market, pricing out much of the competition. With arms already wrapped around the steel, copper, and shipping industries; the United States Capitol; and a state capital building; it now stretches out yet another tentacle over the White House. Students must select 2 facts and explain how they shed light on Keppler's depiction of Standard Oil in his 1904 cartoon. antitrust laws. It was considered to be a monpoly that harmed many small oil companies and dominated the oil industry for many years. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. STANDARD OIL CARTOON. This cartoon was published the day after Standard Oil’s proposal, which raised suspicions in many observers. In 1865 Rockefeller bought out Clark, and two years later he invited Henry M. Flagler to join as a partner in the venture. The 8-1 vote on Standard Oil masks just how contentious and divisive the question of how to rein in predatory market dominance by monopolies had been. Nov 8, 2016 - This simple worksheet includes a primary source political cartoon about John D. Rockefeller's famous Standard Oil monopoly. Mix and match royalty-free images, videos, and editorial with packs that never expire. | Illustration shows John D. Rockefeller wearing a huge crown and robe, standing on an oil storage tank labeled "Standard Oil", and glaring at the viewer. Not all political cartoons can be found in color, so this political cartoon, found in Puck magazine on September 7, 1904 and done by Udo Keppler, is one that caught my eye immediately while researching robber barons and captains of industry of the late 1800s/early 1900s. In 1931 Standard Oil Company of New York merged with Vacuum Oil Company (another trust company) to form Socony-Vacuum, which in 1966 became Mobil Oil Corporation. ADB – This cartoon, entitled “What a Funny Little Government”, was made by Horace Taylor for the September 25, 1899 issue of The Verdict.John D. Rockefeller, shown in the cartoon, was the famous oil magnate who created a powerful monopoly on the US oil industry in less than 20 years. Students must read an introductory text and then analyze the cartoon to answer a set of analysis questions. Other companies that once were part of the trust included Atlantic Richfield Company, Buckeye Pipe Line Company (Ohio), Chesebrough-Pond’s Inc., Pennzoil Company, and Union Tank Car Company (New Jersey). Write your observation first and then write your inference. 'Monster Monopoly.' . The efforts of “trust-busting” Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson had some success, including the break-up of Standard Oil in 1911. Its tentacles make a convenient metaphor for a grasping, threatening, strangling force. This political cartoon from 1904 well demonstrates American fears about the Standard Oil Company's vast and growing power over the American government. It was the headquarters of the Standard Oil Trust and successor companies until 1956. In 1899, however, the company renamed its New Jersey firm Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) and incorporated it as a holding company. From Granger - Historical Picture Archive. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Sherman Antitrust Act to break up Standard Oil, but that effort failed. However, unless a license is purchased, content cannot be used in any final materials or any publicly available materials. The cartoon depicts John D. Rockefeller as a king. Start by clicking the plus sign. Your Getty Images representative will discuss a renewal with you. This makes for a great warm up when you cover the Gilded Age in America, industrialization, or Robber Barons. (Photo by Stock Montage/Getty Images) Students must read an introductory text and then analyze the cartoon to answer a set of analysis questions. In 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration filed suit under the Sherman Antitrust Act, contending that Standard Oil … Standard Oil Co. was an American oil-producing, transporting, refining, marketing company.Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller and Henry Flagler as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world of its time. It was dissolved in 1911. From Granger - Historical Picture Archive. If so . antitrust laws. Nov 8, 2016 - This simple worksheet includes a primary source political cartoon about John D. Rockefeller's famous Standard Oil monopoly. Click to see full answer. Standard Oil Company and Trust does not still exist. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The octopus has long been a useful symbol for cartoon- ists.Its tentacles make a convenient metaphor for a grasping, threatening, strangling force. Though this process of horizontal combination, by the 1880s the Standard Oil Trust controlled 90% of the oil refining business in the U.S. Because of the size of his enterprise, Rockefeller was able to dictate favorable shipping terms from the railroads, the other major big businesses of his day—a sign of the economic power of Standard Oil. Though this process of horizontal combination, by the 1880s the Standard Oil Trust controlled 90% of the oil refining business in the U.S. Because of the size of his enterprise, Rockefeller was able to dictate favorable shipping terms from the railroads, the other major big businesses of his day—a sign of the economic power of Standard Oil. Once the competition was gone in particular regions, Rockefeller could resume higher prices. Rockefeller’s conglomerate of companies … The company is depicted as an octopus crushing small oil companies, savings banks, the railroads, the shipping industry, the government and businessmen with its tentacles. This 1888 cartoon, published in Punch, shows John Bull, the personification of the United Kingdom, dabbling in Egyptian waters. Clarification: Perhaps you are referring to the political cartoon by C.J. Contact your company to license this image. Four years later, Standard Oil offered a novel proposal to the State of Missouri that it form a partnership with Standard Oil to administer the company’s three subsidiaries in Missouri. Approvals and clearances are based on the intended use. This simple worksheet includes a primary source political cartoon about John D. Rockefeller's famous Standard Oil monopoly. Respond to ONE political cartoon by sharing ONE observation and ONE inference. Taylor entitled "King of the World" depicting John D. Rockefeller and the monopoly held by Standard Oil. Standard Oil, as it got wealthier and wealthier, used its leverage to destroy its competitors and essentially become the only game in town. Rockefeller controlled pipelines and arranged for secret, discriminatory railroad rates, which allowed him to cut prices and force competitors out of business. It was founded in 1871 as a German-language publication by Joseph Keppler, an Austrian-born cartoonist. By the agreement, companies could be purchased, created, dissolved, merged, or divided; eventually, the trustees governed some 40 corporations, of which 14 were wholly owned. Puck is a defunct magazine, the first successful humor magazine in the United States of colorful cartoons, caricatures and political satire of the issues of the day. Standard Oil, in full Standard Oil Company and Trust, American company and corporate trust that from 1870 to 1911 was the industrial empire of John D. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the United States. Political Cartoon Lampoons Standard Oil A politcal cartoon entitled 'The Monster Monopoly' comments on the Standard Oil Comapany, circa 1884. Whatever conclusions can be drawn, Rockefeller's impact … Students must read an introductory text and then analyze the cartoon to answer a set of analysis questions. Puck's first English-language edition was published in 1877, covering … The octopus has long been a useful symbol for cartoon- ists. Your Easy-access (EZA) account allows those in your organization to download content for the following uses: It overrides the standard online composite license for still images and video on the Getty Images website. In 1882 the Standard Oil Company and affiliated companies that were engaged in producing, refining, and marketing oil were combined in the Standard Oil Trust, created by the Standard Oil Trust Agreement signed by nine trustees, including Rockefeller. A politcal cartoon entitled 'The Monster Monopoly' comments on the Standard Oil Comapany, circa 1884. Exxon and Mobil merged in 1999, and Chevron merged with Texaco in 2001. 1 print : chromolithograph. (Photo by Stock Montage/Getty Images). Its tentacles make a convenient metaphor for a grasping, threatening, strangling force. Standard Oil Co. was an American oil-producing, transporting, refining, marketing company.Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller and Henry Flagler as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world of its time. Write your observation first and then write your inference. It originated in Cleveland, Ohio. No other rights or warranties are granted for comp use. The company is depicted as an octopus crushing small oil companies, savings banks, the railroads, the shipping industry, the government and businessmen with its tentacles. An inference is where you take what you know about a topic and what you see; then make a smart statement about the cartoon. Overview of the first oil pipeline (1879), which attempted to compete with the Standard Oil Company. Besides, which country does the octopus in the above political cartoon represent? Without a license, no further use can be made, such as: Because collections are continually updated, Getty Images cannot guarantee that any particular item will be available until time of licensing. Ida Minerva Tarbell, a "muckraker" activist, wrote in 1904 "The History of the Standard Oil Company," detailing its unfair practices. Standard Oil (Indiana) absorbed Standard Oil of Nebraska in 1939 and Standard Oil of Kansas in 1948 and was renamed Amoco Corporation in 1985. Its tentacles make a convenient metaphor for a grasping, threatening, strangling force. Updates? This repository is populated with tens of thousands of assets and should be your first stop for asset selection. John D. Rockefeller, the man shown in the drawing, is a well known oil magnate who created a monopoly on US oil industry. Standard Oil Company was incorporated in Ohio in 1870, but the company’s origins date to 1863, when John D. Rockefeller joined Maurice B. Clark and Samuel Andrews in a Cleveland, Ohio, oil-refining business. Respond to ONE political cartoon by sharing ONE observation and ONE inference. This video is part of our Analog Archive which means it isn’t stored on our website, accessing the content may take some time and may be subject to additional fees. Your name goes at the top. However, some companies that were part of the trust persisted and, over time, merged with others and became part of such well-known companies as Exxon Mobil Corporation, BP PLC, and Chevron Corporation. In order to finalize your project with the material you downloaded from your EZA account, you need to secure a license. You are welcome to use content from the Getty Images site on a complimentary basis for test or sample (composite or comp) use only, for up to 30 days following download. © 2021 Getty Images. In Keppler's 1904 drawing, the Standard Oil monopoly ensnares other industries as well as our political leadership. The Standard Oil Octopus is an example of the control that monopolies had over the economy and the government. . The late nineteenth century was also the high-water mark of British imperialism. The 8-1 vote on Standard Oil masks just how contentious and divisive the question of how to rein in predatory market dominance by monopolies had been. By 1880, through elimination of competitors, mergers with other firms, and use of favourable railroad rebates, it controlled the refining of 90 to 95 percent of all oil produced in the United States. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Standard Oil (in full, Standard Oil Company and Trust) was an American company and corporate trust that from 1870 to 1911 was the industrial empire of John D. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the United States. Content marked “Editorial use only” may not be used for any commercial or promotional purposes. By 1900 John D. Rockefeller, founder and largest shareholder of the Standard Oil Company, controlled more than 90 percent of U.S. oil production, dominating the world market. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. print, commercial broadcast, film, digital), Anyone in your organization can use it an unlimited number of times for up to 15 years, worldwide, with uncapped indemnification, {{formatPrice(size.discountPrice || size.price)}}. The octopus has long been a useful symbol for cartoon- ists. {{selectedSize.discountPrice || selectedSize.price}}, {{ assetSizeLabel(selectedSize)}} {{formatPrice(selectedSize.discountPrice || selectedSize.price)}}, {{::t('download_workflow.download_will_be_saved_to_dropbox')}}. The IBM strategic repository for digital assets such as images and videos is located at dam.ibm.com. Standard Oil, U.S. company and corporate trust that from 1870 to 1911 was the industrial empire of John D. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the United States. Your EZA account will remain in place for a year. Clearly, the purpose of the political persecution of Standard Oil had been to begin stamping out competition in the oil industry. The company is depicted as an octopus crushing small oil companies, savings banks, the railroads, the shipping industry, the government and businessmen with its tentacles. Roosevelt's actions were popular with the public, but some historians have argued that his trust-busting behavior was motivated by politics as much as by the government's desire to control corporate America. Political Cartoon Lampoons Standard Oil A politcal cartoon entitled 'The Monster Monopoly' comments on the Standard Oil Comapany, circa 1884. Your team's Premium Access agreement is expiring soon. The former Standard Oil Building, lower Manhattan, New York City, constructed in 1921–28 atop an original building of 1884–85; designed by Thomas Hastings. Founded in 1882, Standard Oil of New Jersey was one component of the trust; by design the Standard Oil Trust embraced a maze of legal structures, which made its workings virtually impervious to public investigation and understanding. The crown is adorned with railroad cars, oil tanks, and the names of four railroad companies: "Lehigh Valley R.R., St. Paul R.R., Jersey Central R.R., [and] Reading Rail Road", and topped with a dollar sign "$". It originated in Cleveland, Ohio. In Keppler's 1904 drawing, the Standard Oil monopoly ensnares other industries as well as our political leadership. This political cartoon depicts John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company as a … As Ida Tarbell wrote in her History of the Standard Oil Company (1904), “You could argue its existence from its effects, but you could not prove it.” In 1892 the Ohio Supreme Court ordered the trust dissolved, but it effectively continued to operate from headquarters in New York City. It was published from 1871 until 1918. Explain how the octopus symbol works in the others. All limited use licenses come in the largest size available. Protect your creative work - we'll remove this image from our site for as long as you need it. Four years later, Standard Oil offered a novel proposal to the State of Missouri that it form a partnership with Standard Oil to administer the company’s three subsidiaries in Missouri. 'Monster Monopoly.' The octopus has long been a useful symbol for cartoon- ists.Its tentacles make a convenient metaphor for a grasping, threatening, strangling force. In other words, a monopoly. An inference is where you take what you know about a topic and what you see; then make a smart statement about the cartoon. By 1870 the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews, and Flagler was operating the largest refineries in Cleveland, and these and related facilities became the property of the new Standard Oil Company, incorporated in Ohio in 1870. In Keppler's 1904 drawing, the Standard Oil monopoly ensnares other industries as well as our political leadership. In the background is a destroyed landscape of factories and polluting smokestacks. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The firm of Rockefeller, Andrews, and Flagler was operating the largest refineries in Cleveland when Standard Oil Company was incorporated. The Standard Oil Company and affiliated companies that were engaged in the production, refining, and marketing of oil were combined in the Standard Oil Trust in 1882. Industrial Revolution Note how in this cartoon Rockefeller’s crown is labeled with the names of rail lines that he effectively controlled. This cartoon was published the day after Standard Oil’s proposal, which raised suspicions in many observers. “He is a curious mixture of the lion, mule and octopus,” gobbling up territories along the route to India: Gibraltar, the Cape, Malta, Cyprus and the … This political cartoon drawn during the Gilded Age depicts Standard Oil as an octopus which uses unscrupulous business methods to put the competition out of business. 1904 Standard Oil Octopus At the beginning of the 20 th century, Standard Oil was the world’s largest corporation; it was also the first multinational corporation – until the U.S. Supreme Court dismantled it in 1911, as part of anti-monopoly wave that had commenced with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 . *, {{ t('save_amount', { amount_saved: formatPrice(pack.amountYouSave) }) }}, {{ t('pack_count_lowercase', { total: pack.packCount }) }}, {{t('compared_with_single_price', {price: formatPrice(selectedSize.price) }) }}, *Packs never expire as long as you sign in at least once a year.

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