Since that time, various other piping materials have been offered for water distribu-tion. time. The types of paving covered by these standards are typically made of asphalt, concrete, and bituminous materials. 3.2 Density of Bituminous Binders ASTM D70-97 3.3 Flash and Fire Point by Cleveland Open Cup ASTM D92-90 3.4 Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) ASTM D1754-87 3.5 Penetration of Bituminous Materials ASTM D5-86 3.6 Softening Point Test ASTM D36-70 3.7 Ductility ASTM D113-86 3.8 Viscosity Determination using the Brookfield Thermosel Apparatus ASTM D4402-91 32 Full PDFs related to this paper. 公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程（JTG E20-2011）.PDF,很实用,喜欢的朋友可以下载收藏！内容比较详细，字迹比较清晰，如果你需要一份这样的资料作为工作学习参考工具，那么就赶紧下载下来进行查阅使用吧！JTG JTG E20-2011 中华人民共和国行业标准 公路工程沥青及沥青混合料 试验规程 … Mineral products resembling tar can be produced from hydrocarbons, such as petroleum. The proportion between asphaltenes and maltenes is changing due to aging—aromatics become resins and resins become asphaltenes which leads to increased stiffness, viscosity, and softening point on one hand and decreased ductility Chemistry doesn't just happen in a lab. Use these resources to learn how chemistry relates to everyday life. These road and paving standards allow geotechnical engineering firms and construction companies to examine and evaluate paving materials to ensure strength and durability towards safe application and use. Strictly speaking, asphalt is a form of concrete as well, with bituminous materials replacing cement as the binder. The ability to resist breaking under tensile stress is one of the most important and widely measured properties of materials used for structural applications. Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of carbon based matter through destructive distillation.Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat.. This series of PEEK materials were developed specifically for Life Sciences applications and are pre-qualified biocompatible materials, helping to save precious time and money. This type of concrete is able to develop high resistance within few hours after being manufactured. READ PAPER. 1.1.2 Development of Joints Flanged . Bituminous binders consist of four fractions including saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes [3,10]. However, waterworks engineers continued to use cast iron until ductile iron, a stronger and equally durable piping material, became available. Rapid strength concrete. Mix design optimization and environmental impact assessment of low-carbon materials containing alkali-activated slag and high CaO fly ash Jaehyun Lee, Taegyu … Architectural-Graphic-Standards.pdf Originally, cast-iron pipe was made with flanged joints, using lead gaskets. Coal tar is produced from coal as a byproduct of coke production.